So I am asking how to keep the 5vdc from the JAMMA PSU stable so the device on that +5vdc rail is not damaged.
You use a suitable power supply, or you regulate a higher voltage down to 5V. I know you know how to calibrate your supply, but if anything is obvious here, it's that if you need 4A, your supply needs it available.
An over current protection circuit is doable, but that seems like an abundance of caution at best (which I myself am actually a fan of. My friends call me captain safety).
You're unlikely to regulate a single voltage using that same source, and impossible without some voltage drop. Working with a single voltage that is
already regulated, if you can figure out something with a fuse that may be your best bet I guess.
Your assumption that any board plugging into JAMMA regulates or monitors 5V in any way is pretty wrong in my experience. If you can find a game that does it, please show me. I would love to analyze that circuit.
Again, the RPI will visually report undercurrent on its own. It's an annoying problem of its own, which is solved by providing a proper supply or wiring. I ran into it building a BMC64, the PCB traces on the helper board between the power input and pi header were not sufficient, and I had to wire 5v directly to the Pi to make it happy.
I'll agree it's fun to ponder, but I reckon if it were easy or cheap to do it, NAOMIs wouldn't burn out buffer chips like it's their job
