That screen looks like the CPS3 motherboard saying "I cant see the security cart"
Given that it works perfectly without the adapter, safe guess the problem is the riser card
$5 off aliexpress doesn't buy much quality control, its possible that they just shipped you a dud riser card, so I would start by ordering another one while we try other troubleshooting steps.
Getting the thing seated right is always a fun adventure with CPS3, maybe start by giving both the card-to-riser and the riser-to-boad some minor adjustments (with the power off obviously). I often find that I need to insert the cart all the way, then back it off 1/2 a mm or so
Next thing id be checking is the orientation, is pin 1 on the mainboard connecting to pin 1 on the riser and pin 1 on the cart? When I've been making my own right angle adapters (not for CPS3) I'v frequently flipped the front and back side of the card by accident in the initial design.
Then I'd be checking that all the pins are wired, that riser card is specifically for PCI, and the 32 bit PCI standard does not require all the pins to be wired. The CPS security slot shares the same physical connector, but its not a standard PCI bus, its possible that our aliexpress friends shaved a few billionths of a cent of their PCB costs by only wiring the PCI bus pins, not all of them
Then I'd be checking the physical construction (again, not much QC for $5) to make sure all the pins are soldered correctly and that none of the pins inside the slot are damaged or missing.