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Injection Molded Cherry MX Arcade Caps

plasticfactory

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This project is finally wrapped up and posted with permission from the customer, @JasenHicks. It is an injection molded cap for use on Cherry MX switches in his brilliant new fight sticks. I highly recommend that anyone looking for a stick check out his new products.

As the entire thing still wound up being a bit of a labor of love, I thought sharing some broad strokes of what this process can look like may be interesting to some users here. Though the part design is simple, it posed some unique, unexpected problems that were fun to solve.

The attached timeline and photos definitely leave some things out, as I didn't initially plan on sharing this, but they cover most of the major steps.


Part and Mold design:

First, we start with the part design, provided by Jasen, followed by a feasibility study, then the mold design. In this case, we used what's called a "MUD" base system for use in a vertical injection molding machine. This results in a very compact mold, a very small runner, and rapid changeover. Essentially, you simply remove two toe clamps from the top of a mold base that lives in the machine, and slide the mold out. It's an excellent system for small or simple parts. It falls out of favor when the parts become more complex or require larger mold systems and special actions.

In this case, because there are two part sizes, a MUD base was perfect as we can do both parts in one mold. When the large cap is finished running, we simply remove the toe clamps and flip it 180*.


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Mold Build:

Once the mold is designed and a job folder created, we build the mold. The steps are approximately as follows (photos follow in order):
  1. Square Stock (no photo)
  2. Rough cut the cavity blocks, finish cutting back plates and knockout system components
  3. Machine the EDM Electrodes
  4. EDM machine everything to size (can I attach a video?)
  5. WEDM Knockout holes (no photo)
  6. Polish the mold for a gloss surface finish on the parts
  7. Final fitment, mold venting
EDM machining uses a process called "spark erosion" that essentially uses a physical part negative, machined from graphite or copper, to very slowly, and precisely cut away the steel. It's a very specialized process that results in extreme precision (+/- 0.00001") and extremely consistent surface finish. Because it's very slow, we will rough cut everything to approximate size in a mill before hand.

Another really cool thing about EDM machining, is that it doesn't care about material hardness. This mold is ~50 HRC.


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Now, it's time to sample! Fingers crossed the parts look good, right?
 
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Mold Sample

Next, we have the part sample, the first step of the mold validation process. The part actually looks pretty good here... Except in the center. As you can see, under the "right" lighting a small divot is visible in the very center of the part. This is called a sink mark, and is caused by a differential in cooling speed due to non-uniform wall thicknesses. In this case, the stem that presses into the MX switch is the cause, which can't be changed.

In the feasibility study portion of this project, we use plastics flow simulation software to evaluate for defects like this. In this case, we felt the sink would be negligible such that it wouldn't be visible, or could be processed out at the machine. Unfortunately, we underestimated how difficult it is to hide defects on a gloss, black, perfectly flat part. In fact, the measurement on the sink was only 0.0005". For a part that is both functional and cosmetic, this needs to be fixed.


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From there, we go back to the feasibility study to review the flow analysis. Using this report, we export the sink data to derive a curve that can be applied to the top of the part. Essentially, we are designing in a "mound" to the top of the part to compensate for the sink. The height of this feature pretty closely correlates to the sink measurement.


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Here, we sample again -- unfortunately, several more times. This is fairly typical when validating a mold, but rarely fun. Perhaps the most frustrating part of dealing with a polished mold is that every imperfection shows up in the part, sometimes things that are nearly impossible to see in the steel. This process took a bit of back and forth, and ultimately resulted in having the cavity chrome plated. The chrome plating protects the cavity/polish, helps with part ejection, and improves surface finish.

Additionally, slight, incremental adjustments to the stem size to get fitment just right were required. We used a pull testing machine to closely match fitment from typical keyboard keycaps, then went ever so slightly tighter.

Finally, we sample one more time, and are left with the final product . Further, we made an additional stationary mold half and left the EDM finish on (no polish). This means the parts can be offered in both high gloss and a matte/satin surface finish.


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You're welcome, I just finished up the second post. I appreciate you using "adventure" ;) It was a fun project -- now for colors!
 
That’s a pretty fascinating process and an awesome read! Thanks for sharing with us, the end result looks incredible in your pics. Great work!!
 
Can confirm they came out great. I know all the Panzer MX owners are going to be happy with the end result. I’m 100% glad I partnered with @plasticfactory - he’s one of the few in the community I’ve seen match my level of expectations.

Im already cooking up more stuff to do. Frankly, I’m tired of being reliant on the big companies for pieces and parts for my sticks. It’s one reason I put Sanwa on clearance this past week (and will do again). Working with good partners is so much more rewarding.
 
Wow, thanks for linking this in Rewrite's new thread, I had totally missed this the first time around, and it's really fascinating.

I know enough about all the processes to follow along, but I've never seen some of the details you posted, super illuminating. Production machining is so cool!
 
Not sure what I missed, but it sounds like not much. Maybe someone that needs a new hobby :)

In more positive news, we finished up the first batch of special colors! I'm not sure when Jasen plans to make these available, but I suspect soon.
 

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